We examined how low levels of vitamin D (Vit D) could impact the severity of heart disease, specifically looking at myocardial ischemia. Our study involved two hundred patients who underwent myocardial perfusion imaging at Namazi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, in 2019. We assessed both the severity of ischemia in patients and their vitamin D levels.
The results revealed a clear pattern: when vitamin D levels dropped below 10 ng/mL, patients showed a significant increase in severe myocardial ischemia. Conversely, in patients with higher levels of vitamin D, we did not find any substantial association with abnormalities in heart imaging. This indicates that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may play a role in reducing heart disease severity.
Overall, our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency, especially levels below 10 ng/mL, could contribute to more severe heart conditions. This could prompt health care providers to consider monitoring and addressing vitamin D levels in patients at risk for heart disease.
Read More
8
Vitamin D's impact on heart hypertrophy
Contributing role and molecular basis of Vitamin D/Vitamin D receptor deficiency in hyperhomocysteinemia-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
We explored the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and heart disease, particularly how it interacts with a condition called hyperhomocysteinemia, which is known to promote heart issues. In our study, we examined both animal models (rats fed a diet to induce hyperhomocysteinemia) and heart cells under lab conditions to understand this interaction better.
Our findings revealed that hyperhomocysteinemia significantly lowered levels of vitamin D, specifically 1,25(OH)D, in the blood and heart tissues. We also noted an increase in the expression of an enzyme (CYP24A1) that breaks down vitamin D, indicating a disruption in its availability. Moreover, the presence of elevated homocysteine was linked to a decrease in vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in heart tissues, complicating the heart's ability to respond to vitamin D’s effects.
By manipulating levels of VDR, we demonstrated that reducing VDR led to more heart cell growth, which is a sign of heart hypertrophy. Conversely, when VDR was overexpressed, we observed a decrease in hypertrophy, showing that vitamin D plays a protective role against heart enlargement during hyperhomocysteinemia. Additionally, a specific microRNA (miR-125b-5p) was found to repress VDR and contribute to heart cell growth, highlighting the complex regulatory network involved.
Our study concluded that vitamin D deficiency and reduced VDR contribute to heart issues associated with high levels of homocysteine by activating harmful cellular pathways. This underscores the potential significance of monitoring and supporting vitamin D levels, especially in individuals suffering from hyperhomocysteinemia.
Read More
7
Vitamin D's impact on heart health
Low vitamin D levels are associated with impaired diastolic function in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
We set out to understand how vitamin D levels relate to diastolic function in patients experiencing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our study included 117 patients who were monitored before their discharge from the hospital. We used echocardiography to assess their heart function, specifically looking at how well their hearts could relax after beating—a key indicator of heart health.
The results revealed that those with low vitamin D levels tended to have more significant diastolic dysfunction. For instance, measures like the isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) and the E/e' ratio were notably higher in patients with lower vitamin D. Further analysis showed that vitamin D levels could predict the likelihood of developing diastolic dysfunction, making it an independent risk factor.
Overall, our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency may contribute negatively to heart function in individuals with ACS. Highlighting the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D levels, this research could encourage further exploration of vitamin D as a potential target for improving heart health in at-risk populations.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
7.5
Effective for heart health
1 people found this helpful
Vitamin D3 deficiency is not only associated with impaired bone development and immune function but also numerous health issues, including heart disease, autoimmune disorders, low mood, stress, poor blood sugar regulation, and accelerated ageing. Researchers have identified around 2,700 genes requiring vitamin D3 metabolites for regulation, primarily linked to leukocyte function. I take it from various manufacturers, typically 2000 IU daily or 5000 every other day. Some friends have even normalised their levels through increased intake based on analysis results. Thus, I can confirm that vitamin D from top brands is highly effective.
Read More
0
Strengthens against heart disease
3 people found this helpful
Vitamin D3 is essential for improving levels in the body, strengthening bones, and reducing chronic disease risks, including heart disease. It also enhances the immune system and promotes dental health. I’ve experienced positive effects from it.
Read More
7.5
Supports heart health
A fantastic quality product. The ingredients are reliable and the size is convenient to take. It provides a great deal of energy throughout the day, promoting joint and skin health. Additionally, it is amazing for heart health due to the antioxidants that aid in Vitamin D absorption. A great choice for boosting immunity and enhancing energy levels.
We conducted a study to explore how vitamin D3, combined with SGLT2 inhibitors, could influence heart health in hypertensive obese patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This combination therapy was assessed for its effects on various health parameters and the quality of life of the participants.
In our investigation, patients were randomly assigned to receive either Dapagliflozin, vitamin D3, a combination of both, or no treatment at all over 16 weeks. We closely looked at measurements such as weight, blood pressure, blood sugar levels, liver health, and heart function among others.
Our findings were promising, revealing beneficial effects of combining vitamin D3 with SGLT2 inhibitors. Participants who received this combination reported improvements in their cardio-metabolic health and overall quality of life, suggesting a potential new approach to managing heart disease in this specific group of patients.
It is important to note that while this study highlights the synergistic benefits of vitamin D3 and SGLT2 inhibitors, the isolated impact of vitamin D itself on heart disease remains somewhat unclear. This complexity underscores the need for further research to fully understand vitamin D's role in cardiovascular health.
Read More
8
Vitamin D's impact on heart hypertrophy
Contributing role and molecular basis of Vitamin D/Vitamin D receptor deficiency in hyperhomocysteinemia-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
We explored the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and heart disease, particularly how it interacts with a condition called hyperhomocysteinemia, which is known to promote heart issues. In our study, we examined both animal models (rats fed a diet to induce hyperhomocysteinemia) and heart cells under lab conditions to understand this interaction better.
Our findings revealed that hyperhomocysteinemia significantly lowered levels of vitamin D, specifically 1,25(OH)D, in the blood and heart tissues. We also noted an increase in the expression of an enzyme (CYP24A1) that breaks down vitamin D, indicating a disruption in its availability. Moreover, the presence of elevated homocysteine was linked to a decrease in vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in heart tissues, complicating the heart's ability to respond to vitamin D’s effects.
By manipulating levels of VDR, we demonstrated that reducing VDR led to more heart cell growth, which is a sign of heart hypertrophy. Conversely, when VDR was overexpressed, we observed a decrease in hypertrophy, showing that vitamin D plays a protective role against heart enlargement during hyperhomocysteinemia. Additionally, a specific microRNA (miR-125b-5p) was found to repress VDR and contribute to heart cell growth, highlighting the complex regulatory network involved.
Our study concluded that vitamin D deficiency and reduced VDR contribute to heart issues associated with high levels of homocysteine by activating harmful cellular pathways. This underscores the potential significance of monitoring and supporting vitamin D levels, especially in individuals suffering from hyperhomocysteinemia.
Read More
7
Vitamin D's role in heart health
The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Coronary Artery Disease Severity Based on Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: A Cross-Sectional Study.
We examined how low levels of vitamin D (Vit D) could impact the severity of heart disease, specifically looking at myocardial ischemia. Our study involved two hundred patients who underwent myocardial perfusion imaging at Namazi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, in 2019. We assessed both the severity of ischemia in patients and their vitamin D levels.
The results revealed a clear pattern: when vitamin D levels dropped below 10 ng/mL, patients showed a significant increase in severe myocardial ischemia. Conversely, in patients with higher levels of vitamin D, we did not find any substantial association with abnormalities in heart imaging. This indicates that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may play a role in reducing heart disease severity.
Overall, our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency, especially levels below 10 ng/mL, could contribute to more severe heart conditions. This could prompt health care providers to consider monitoring and addressing vitamin D levels in patients at risk for heart disease.
Read More
7
Vitamin D influences cardiac health
Sirtuin 1 mediates the pro-survival effects of vitamin D in angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts.
We explored the connection between vitamin D and heart disease, focusing on its effects in a specific scenario: the response of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts to angiotensin II (Ang II), a substance often involved in heart issues. In our study, we exposed these heart cells to Ang II alone and in combination with vitamin D while also manipulating the activity of a protein called SIRT1.
Our findings showed that while vitamin D significantly reduced the hypertrophy caused by Ang II—meaning it helped to keep the cells from growing excessively—this effect didn’t rely on SIRT1. Interestingly, when SIRT1 was blocked, vitamin D lost its ability to protect the cells from decreased viability, indicating that SIRT1 is essential for vitamin D’s pro-survival benefits but not for its anti-hypertrophic effects.
This suggests that vitamin D has a complex role in heart health. While it can prevent excessive cell growth, it needs SIRT1 to boost cell survival. Therefore, strategies that enhance SIRT1 activity alongside vitamin D could offer a promising path to tackle issues like cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Read More
7
Vitamin D's impact on heart health
Low vitamin D levels are associated with impaired diastolic function in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
We set out to understand how vitamin D levels relate to diastolic function in patients experiencing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our study included 117 patients who were monitored before their discharge from the hospital. We used echocardiography to assess their heart function, specifically looking at how well their hearts could relax after beating—a key indicator of heart health.
The results revealed that those with low vitamin D levels tended to have more significant diastolic dysfunction. For instance, measures like the isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) and the E/e' ratio were notably higher in patients with lower vitamin D. Further analysis showed that vitamin D levels could predict the likelihood of developing diastolic dysfunction, making it an independent risk factor.
Overall, our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency may contribute negatively to heart function in individuals with ACS. Highlighting the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D levels, this research could encourage further exploration of vitamin D as a potential target for improving heart health in at-risk populations.
Vitamin D3 deficiency is not only associated with impaired bone development and immune function but also numerous health issues, including heart disease, autoimmune disorders, low mood, stress, poor blood sugar regulation, and accelerated ageing. Researchers have identified around 2,700 genes requiring vitamin D3 metabolites for regulation, primarily linked to leukocyte function. I take it from various manufacturers, typically 2000 IU daily or 5000 every other day. Some friends have even normalised their levels through increased intake based on analysis results. Thus, I can confirm that vitamin D from top brands is highly effective.
Read More
0
Strengthens against heart disease
3 people found this helpful
Vitamin D3 is essential for improving levels in the body, strengthening bones, and reducing chronic disease risks, including heart disease. It also enhances the immune system and promotes dental health. I’ve experienced positive effects from it.
Read More
7.5
Supports heart health
A fantastic quality product. The ingredients are reliable and the size is convenient to take. It provides a great deal of energy throughout the day, promoting joint and skin health. Additionally, it is amazing for heart health due to the antioxidants that aid in Vitamin D absorption. A great choice for boosting immunity and enhancing energy levels.
Read More
0
Beneficial for heart disease
8 people found this helpful
Vitamin D is incredibly beneficial for overall health, particularly bones and the heart. Many publications highlight the dangers of deficiency. The manufacturer is commendable, and the dosage is preventative. I’ve experienced no unpleasant effects after taking it.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
Heart disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart's function and overall health. This umbrella term includes various cardiovascular issues such as coronary artery disease, which is caused by the buildup of plaque in the arteries; heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias); and heart defects present at birth (congenital heart defects). Additionally, heart disease encompasses conditions related to the heart muscle, such as cardiomyopathy, and the heart's valves, which might not open or close properly. The effects of heart disease can be significant, impacting not only physical health but also quality of life, making prevention and timely medical intervention crucial.
Several risk factors contribute to the development of heart disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. Genetics also play a role, as heart disease can run in families. To mitigate the risks, healthcare professionals typically recommend lifestyle changes such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco use. For those already diagnosed with heart disease, treatment options can vary widely, ranging from lifestyle modifications to medications and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. Understanding the nature of heart disease and its risk factors is an essential step toward prevention and effective management.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that's essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth, supporting immune system function, and facilitating normal cell growth and development. It plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the gut, which is vital for bone health. Unlike most vitamins, our bodies can produce Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, specifically UVB rays, which is why it’s often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin." However, depending on your geographical location, lifestyle, and skin type, getting sufficient Vitamin D from the sun alone can be challenging, particularly during the winter months.
In addition to sunlight, Vitamin D can be obtained from certain foods such as fatty fish (like salmon and mackerel), fish liver oils, and fortified foods like milk and cereals. Some individuals may also consider supplements, especially if they're at risk for deficiency. Insufficient vitamin D levels are linked to various health issues, including rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, and even an increased risk of chronic diseases. Regularly checking your vitamin D levels and consulting with a healthcare professional can help ensure you're meeting your needs for optimal health.
Vitamin D has garnered attention for its potential role in cardiovascular health, but the relationship between Vitamin D levels and heart disease is complex and still being researched. Some studies suggest that adequate levels of Vitamin D may be associated with a lower risk of heart disease, while others indicate that supplementation doesn’t significantly influence heart health outcomes. Vitamin D is known to play a role in various bodily functions, including immune response and inflammation, which are both factors in heart disease. However, it's essential to note that simply increasing Vitamin D intake without addressing other lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and smoking may not lead to improved heart health.
While maintaining sufficient Vitamin D levels can be beneficial for overall health, relying solely on it as a preventative measure for heart disease isn't advisable. If you're concerned about heart health, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider who can offer personalized recommendations based on your individual risk factors. They may suggest routine screening for Vitamin D levels, especially if you fall into categories at risk for deficiency. Always aim for a balanced approach that includes a nutritious diet, regular physical activity, and other heart-healthy habits alongside any supplementation.
Based on user reviews, the timeline for seeing results from taking vitamin D3, particularly for heart disease, varies among individuals. Some users suggest that they experienced positive effects relatively quickly after starting supplementation, while others may take longer to notice significant changes in their health. One user notes they have enjoyed improved levels in their body and a reduction of chronic disease risks shortly after beginning their intake Read Review.
Additionally, another user's experience indicates that maintaining a consistent dosage can contribute to overall health benefits, which may include heart health Read Review. While these anecdotes are promising, results may vary due to individual health conditions and lifestyle factors. Therefore, it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized guidance and to monitor progress over time.
The research surrounding vitamin D and its potential impact on heart disease is multifaceted, revealing both promising associations and the need for further investigation. Several studies indicate that vitamin D deficiency could be linked to increased severity of heart conditions. For example, research showed that patients with myocardial ischemia experienced significantly worse outcomes when their vitamin D levels fell below 10 ng/mL, indicating a possible protective role of adequate vitamin D in heart health [4]. Similarly, another study indicated that women with low vitamin D levels had a higher prevalence of severe coronary artery disease, especially when coupled with diabetes [8].
However, while these studies suggest that maintaining appropriate vitamin D levels could be beneficial in mitigating heart disease risk and severity, the isolated impact of vitamin D supplementation remains unclear. Some studies indicate potential benefits when combined with other treatments, such as SGLT2 inhibitors for heart health in patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea [2]. Valued as a factor in cardiovascular health, vitamin D could influence metrics such as diastolic function and exercise capacity, yet definitive conclusions supporting its supplementation for heart disease management are still pending [6]. Thus, it's evident that vitamin D plays a notable role in heart disease dynamics, but more research is essential to fully understand its therapeutic potential.
Users have reported a range of improvements in their symptoms after using vitamin D3 supplements. Many have noted enhancements in bone health and overall immune function Read Review. A reviewer specifically highlighted the positive effects on reducing the risks associated with chronic diseases, including heart disease Read Review. This aligns with insights from other users who have taken vitamin D3, stating they felt stronger bones and appreciated the preventive impacts of a consistent dosage Read Review.
Moreover, anecdotal evidence suggests that vitamin D3 can effectively raise levels of the nutrient in individuals who are deficient. One user noted their success in raising vitamin D levels with a regimen of 2000 IU daily, confirming that reputable brands can significantly impact health outcomes Read Review. While these testimonials are encouraging, it’s important to recognize that individual experiences may vary depending on personal health conditions and lifestyle factors.
Users report that Vitamin D is crucial for both bone health and heart disease prevention, emphasizing its role in reducing chronic disease risks. One user specifically noted the importance of Vitamin D3, stating that they experienced positive effects from it Read Review. Another review mentioned that while the dosage is described as preventative, it has worked well without side effects Read Review.
When it comes to the right dosage, one user reported taking 2000 IU daily or 5000 IU every other day, suggesting that varying dosages may be effective based on individual needs Read Review. Overall, these insights point to the necessity of maintaining adequate Vitamin D levels for promoting heart health, with a range of daily dosages being reported among users.
0
Strengthens against heart disease
3 people found this helpful
Vitamin D3 is essential for improving levels in the body, strengthening bones, and reducing chronic disease risks, including heart disease. It also enhances the immune system and promotes dental health. I’ve experienced positive effects from it.
0
Beneficial for heart disease
8 people found this helpful
Vitamin D is incredibly beneficial for overall health, particularly bones and the heart. Many publications highlight the dangers of deficiency. The manufacturer is commendable, and the dosage is preventative. I’ve experienced no unpleasant effects after taking it.
7.5
Effective for heart health
1 people found this helpful
Vitamin D3 deficiency is not only associated with impaired bone development and immune function but also numerous health issues, including heart disease, autoimmune disorders, low mood, stress, poor blood sugar regulation, and accelerated ageing. Researchers have identified around 2,700 genes requiring vitamin D3 metabolites for regulation, primarily linked to leukocyte function. I take it from various manufacturers, typically 2000 IU daily or 5000 every other day. Some friends have even normalised their levels through increased intake based on analysis results. Thus, I can confirm that vitamin D from top brands is highly effective.
7
Vitamin D's role in heart health
The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Coronary Artery Disease Severity Based on Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: A Cross-Sectional Study.
We examined how low levels of vitamin D (Vit D) could impact the severity of heart disease, specifically looking at myocardial ischemia. Our study involved two hundred patients who underwent myocardial perfusion imaging at Namazi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, in 2019. We assessed both the severity of ischemia in patients and their vitamin D levels.
The results revealed a clear pattern: when vitamin D levels dropped below 10 ng/mL, patients showed a significant increase in severe myocardial ischemia. Conversely, in patients with higher levels of vitamin D, we did not find any substantial association with abnormalities in heart imaging. This indicates that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may play a role in reducing heart disease severity.
Overall, our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency, especially levels below 10 ng/mL, could contribute to more severe heart conditions. This could prompt health care providers to consider monitoring and addressing vitamin D levels in patients at risk for heart disease.
7
Vitamin D deficiency linked to heart disease
The Co-Existence of Hypovitaminosis D and Diabetes Mellitus Triples the Incidence of Severe Coronary Artery Disease in Women.
We investigated the relationship between low vitamin D levels and the severity of heart disease, particularly in women. The study looked at 1,484 patients who suffered from acute myocardial infarction, focusing on how vitamin D deficiency—defined as levels below 20 ng/mL—affects coronary artery disease (CAD).
We found that women generally had lower vitamin D levels than men. Notably, severe cases of CAD were more prevalent in women with vitamin D deficiency compared to those with sufficient levels, indicating a significant connection. Women with both vitamin D deficiency and diabetes mellitus exhibited more than three times the risk of severe heart disease compared to those who did not have either condition. These findings reveal an alarming synergy between low vitamin D levels and diabetes in contributing to serious heart conditions in women.
However, it's crucial to note that this study did not examine the effectiveness of vitamin D treatment itself. Therefore, while we observed associations between deficiency and increased heart disease risk, we cannot deduce that simply correcting vitamin D levels will reduce the risk or severity of CAD. Our insights underline the importance of monitoring vitamin D status, especially in women at risk for heart disease and diabetes.
8
Vitamin D3 and SGLT2i synergy explored
Unveiling the benefits of Vitamin D3 with SGLT-2 inhibitors for hypertensive obese obstructive sleep apnea patients.
We conducted a study to explore how vitamin D3, combined with SGLT2 inhibitors, could influence heart health in hypertensive obese patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This combination therapy was assessed for its effects on various health parameters and the quality of life of the participants.
In our investigation, patients were randomly assigned to receive either Dapagliflozin, vitamin D3, a combination of both, or no treatment at all over 16 weeks. We closely looked at measurements such as weight, blood pressure, blood sugar levels, liver health, and heart function among others.
Our findings were promising, revealing beneficial effects of combining vitamin D3 with SGLT2 inhibitors. Participants who received this combination reported improvements in their cardio-metabolic health and overall quality of life, suggesting a potential new approach to managing heart disease in this specific group of patients.
It is important to note that while this study highlights the synergistic benefits of vitamin D3 and SGLT2 inhibitors, the isolated impact of vitamin D itself on heart disease remains somewhat unclear. This complexity underscores the need for further research to fully understand vitamin D's role in cardiovascular health.
7
Vitamin D's impact on heart health
Low vitamin D levels are associated with impaired diastolic function in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
We set out to understand how vitamin D levels relate to diastolic function in patients experiencing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our study included 117 patients who were monitored before their discharge from the hospital. We used echocardiography to assess their heart function, specifically looking at how well their hearts could relax after beating—a key indicator of heart health.
The results revealed that those with low vitamin D levels tended to have more significant diastolic dysfunction. For instance, measures like the isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) and the E/e' ratio were notably higher in patients with lower vitamin D. Further analysis showed that vitamin D levels could predict the likelihood of developing diastolic dysfunction, making it an independent risk factor.
Overall, our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency may contribute negatively to heart function in individuals with ACS. Highlighting the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D levels, this research could encourage further exploration of vitamin D as a potential target for improving heart health in at-risk populations.
References
Vanreusel I, Hens W, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Paelinck BP, Segers VFM, et al. Vitamin D levels correlate with exercise capacity in adults with CHD. Cardiol Young. 2025. 10.1017/S1047951125000526
Loh HH, Tay SP, Koa AJ, Yong MC, Said A, et al. Unveiling the benefits of Vitamin D3 with SGLT-2 inhibitors for hypertensive obese obstructive sleep apnea patients. J Transl Med. 2025;23:296. 10.1186/s12967-025-06312-w
Qi H, Zhou Y, Hou HT, Wei JH, He GW, et al. Contributing role and molecular basis of Vitamin D/Vitamin D receptor deficiency in hyperhomocysteinemia-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Biochem Pharmacol. 2025;234:116812. 10.1016/j.bcp.2025.116812
Haghighatafshar M, Shekasteband B, Firuzyar T, Etemadi Z, Farhoudi F, et al. The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Coronary Artery Disease Severity Based on Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: A Cross-Sectional Study. Iran J Med Sci. 2025;50:31. 10.30476/ijms.2024.101112.3372
Astani A, Maroofi A, Hekmatimoghaddam S, Sarebanhassanabadi M, Safari F. Sirtuin 1 mediates the pro-survival effects of vitamin D in angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Mol Biol Rep. 2024;52:96. 10.1007/s11033-024-10168-6
Algül E, Özbeyaz NB, Şahan HF, Aydinyilmaz F, Erdoğan A, et al. Low vitamin D levels are associated with impaired diastolic function in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Minerva Cardiol Angiol. 2025;73:57. 10.23736/S2724-5683.24.06515-3
Sun L, Du J. Magnesium status, serum vitamin D concentration and mortality among congestive heart failure patients: a cohort study from NHANES 2007-2018. Magnes Res. 2024;37:61. 10.1684/mrh.2024.0528
Aleksova A, Janjusevic M, Pani B, Hiche C, Chicco A, et al. The Co-Existence of Hypovitaminosis D and Diabetes Mellitus Triples the Incidence of Severe Coronary Artery Disease in Women. J Clin Med. 2024;13. 10.3390/jcm13226792